Monday, December 27, 2004

 

[Database]Use profiles to create a password management policy

Most Oracle database users create user accounts with the default profile.
Since Oracle 8, it's possible to lock an account by creating a profile and assigning it to a user with either of these two statements:

CREATE USER myuser . . . PROFILE myprofile;
ALTER USER myuser PROFILE myprofile;

A typical attempt to break into a database account is to try several commonly used passwords, such as "welcome" or the username. You can prevent multiple failed attempts at logging in by using the profile tag FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS:

CREATE PROFILE myprofile LIMIT
FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS 5
PASSWORD_LOCK_TIME 1;

Users assigned to this profile will be locked out of their accounts after five login attempts with an incorrect password. The account will be inaccessible for one day or until a DBA issues the command ALTER USER ACCOUNT UNLOCK.

Even after several years, I've found that my old password still works on previous projects. This makes a good case for placing a limit on a password's lifetime so it will expire after a certain period (e.g., at the end of a contract). There's also an option to allow a specific grace period, which is useful for projects that aren't used very often. If the user doesn't log in until after the password expires, the user can still connect, but a warning will display until the grace period expires. Use the PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME and PASSWORD_GRACE_TIME tags on a profile to enable these features.

ALTER PROFILE myprofile LIMIT
PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME 30
PASSWORD_GRACE_TIME 3;

Users assigned to that profile will be locked out of their accounts 30 days after the last time the password is changed. After 30 days, attempting to log in will result in warning messages for three more days before the account is locked.

Many users will see these limits and simply try to reset their passwords to what they were previously using rather than using a new password each time. You can prevent users from reusing a password with the PASSWORD_REUSE_TIME and PASSWORD_REUSE_MAX tags.

ALTER PROFILE myprofile LIMIT
PASSWORD_REUSE_TIME 30
PASSWORD_REUSE_MAX 100;

Users with this profile will not be able to reuse a password for 30 days, or until after they change the password 100 times.

Finally, some users will use passwords that are easy to guess. It's possible to restrict a password's format (such as checking for a minimum width, letters, numbers, or mixed case, or verifying that the password isn't a variation of the username) by creating a PL/SQL procedure that validates passwords. You must format the procedure like this:

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION verify_password
(
userid varchar(30),
password varchar(30),
old_password varchar(30)
) RETURN BOOLEAN
. . .

You can assign this function (which can be any name, but it must be owned by the SYS account) with the following:

ALTER PROFILE myprofile LIMIT
PASSWORD_VERIFY_FUNCTION verify_password;

Scott Stephens worked for Oracle for more than 13 years in technical support, e-commerce, marketing, and software development.

Wednesday, December 22, 2004

 

何谓发动机压缩比

问:发动机的压缩比代表了什么意思?通常的低压缩比和高压缩比指的是什么?跟车子的性能有什么关系?

  答:(1)压缩比意思就是汽缸活塞的最大行程容积与最小行程容积的比值,也等于整个活塞的运动行程上止点和下止点在不同行程位置的容积比值。简单来讲,就是在发动机汽缸中,有一只活塞周而复始地直线往复运动,且一直循环不已,所以在这周而复始又持续不断的工作行程之中有其一定的运动行程范围。就发动机某个汽缸而言,当活塞的行程到达最低点,此时的位置便称为下止点,整个汽缸包括燃烧室所形成的容积便是最大行程容积,当活塞反向运动,到最高点位置时,这个位置点便称为上止点,所形成的容积为整个活塞运动行程容积最小的状况,需计算的压缩比就是这最大行程容积与最小容积的比值。

  (2)通常的低压压缩比指的是压缩比在10以下,高压缩比在10以上,相对来说压缩比越高,发动机的动力就越大,目前所知三菱GPI发动机的压缩比已达到了12。

  (3)汽油发动机在运转时,吸进来的是汽油与空气混合气,在汽缸内进行压缩时,压力是随着温度的升高而升高。若发动机的压缩比较高,压缩时所产生的汽缸压力也相对地提高,混合气中的汽油分子能汽化得更完全,颗粒能更细密,使得在下一刻运动中,当火花塞跳出火花时就能使得这混合气在瞬间内完成燃烧的动作,释放出最大的爆发能量,来成为发动机的动力输出。反之,燃烧的时间延长,能量会耗费并增加发动机的温度而发动机动力输出降低,由此可知,高压缩比的发动机就意味着具有较大的动力转出。

 

解读汽车技术数据

www.cinep.net 2004-2-9 驰耐普汽车服务连锁总部



如今,很多人都开始关注家庭汽车,但在看车厂提供的技术资料或在看报刊杂志的汽车报道时,对某些汽车技术数据感到颇难理解。这里结合“赛欧”的部分技术数据,作如下解释:

  发动机型式1.6升,直列四缸,多点燃油电控喷射

  发动机功率66千瓦/5600转/分钟

  发动机扭矩128牛·米/2800转/分钟

  最高车速170公里/小时

  加速性能0-100公里/小时12.7/13.3秒手动档/自动档

  压缩比9.4:1

  燃油经济性90km/h5.3/5.7手动档/自动档

  制动系统前盘后鼓

  轮胎185/60R14

  前悬架独立麦弗逊式悬架

  后悬架半独立式悬架

  最小转弯直径10米

  最小离地间隙165毫米

  总长4026毫米

  总宽1608毫米

  总高1420毫米

  轴距2443毫米

  前/后轮距1387/1388毫米

  整备质量950千克发动机按气缸的布置型式,可分为直列式、V型式和对置式。一般来讲,六缸以下宜采用直列式布置。因为直列式发动机有气缸体结构简单、加工容易等优点。发动机采用什么样的布置型式与它的车型定位有很大关系。如“赛欧”属于紧凑型家用轿车,排量相对商务车较小,所以采用直列式气缸排列应是合理的。

  1.6升指的是“赛欧”发动机的排量。因为发动机的每个气缸都有它的工作容积,将每个气缸的工作容积相加得出的和,便是发动机的排量。如“赛欧”的发动机有4个气缸,每个气缸的工作容积为0.4升,0.44=1.6升。

  一般来说,从该车的气缸数以及排量大小大致就可以知道这辆车的马力是否强劲,在其他条件一定的情况下,功率越大,车速越高;扭矩越大,该车的牵引力越大。“赛欧”的功率是66千瓦/5600转/分钟,扭矩为128牛·米/2800转/分钟。那就是说,当发动机转速达到每分钟5600转时,输出最大功率为66千瓦;当发动机转速达到2800转/分钟时,输出最大扭矩为128牛·米。为什么发动机最大功率和最大扭矩不是在同一转速下呢因为发动机启动后,有一个最小稳定的工作转速,随着发动机转速不断增加,发动机的输出功率和扭矩也都随之增加,当达到2800转/分钟时,扭矩达到最大值,但此时的发动机功率并未达到最大值,再增加发动机转速,则扭矩减小,功率则继续增加,直至最大功率。如果你在作购车选择时,发现两辆车的最大功率非常接近,最大扭矩一样但相应的转速不一样时,该怎么看呢这种情况在一定程度上表示,两辆车的加速特性不一样。当一辆车的最大扭矩表现在较低转速时,表明这辆车的爬坡和加速性好,很容易超车;而当它的最大扭矩出现在较高转速时,则表明这辆车的后备功率大。后者在行驶中负荷率低,故经济性要差些,一般大型房车会采用这样的发动机。

  压缩比是指气缸中的气体的最大容积与压缩后的最小容积之比。压缩比越大,在压缩终了时的混合气的压力和温度便越高,燃烧速度也越快,因而发动机发出的功率就越大,经济性就越好。“赛欧”的压缩比为9.4:1,已超出某些档次比其稍高的轿车。

  “赛欧”的轮胎技术规格为185/60R14,其中“185”表示以毫米为单位的轮胎断面宽度,即轮胎着路面宽度。轮胎断面宽,与道路接触面大,散热性能好,对提高汽车行驶平顺性、转向操纵稳定性有一定帮助。“60”表示扁平率的百分数,即轮胎断面的高度与宽度的百分比为60%;R表示子午线轮胎另外还有D、B,分别表示普通斜交轮胎和带束斜交轮胎;“14”表示轮辋直径为14英寸35.56厘米。子午线轮胎与普通斜交轮胎相比,弹性大,耐磨性好,滚动阻力小,附着性能好,承载能力大,不易刺穿。

  最小离地间隙是汽车通过性的几何参数之一,该数据大些,对汽车通过性是有帮助的,但同时使车身重心上升,影响高速行驶时的稳定性,但从中国的道路情况来看,高些或许更好些。

  最高车速和加速性能是评价汽车的两项重要指标。像“赛欧”这样的小车,功率就这么大,我们不能以奥迪A62.8甚至是跑车的性能去要求它,最高170公里/小时的时速对家轿来说已足矣。12.7秒的加速性能在小型家用车中,表现也属不错。没有人会开着“赛欧”去狂飙一番吧,只要加速性能不低于5秒大关的车,绿灯亮起,出停车线后,还是能争先一把的。

  现代人买车,都想买辆经济实惠的轿车,没人希望买一个“油老虎”。所以,燃油经济性这项指标还是非常吸引人的,不过也是历来人们争议最多的一个方面。车厂一般在宣传资料上所给出的数据是等速行驶时的燃料消耗,这个等速行驶工况并没有全面反映汽车的实际运行情况,特别是在市区行驶中频繁出现的加速、减速、怠速停车等行驶工况。欧洲经济委员会ECE规定,要测量车速为90千米/小时和120千米/小时的等速百公里的燃料消耗量和按ECE—R.15循环工况的百公里消耗量,并各取1/3相加作为混合百公里燃油消耗量来评价汽车的燃油经济性。现在我们得到的只是90千米/小时等速燃油消耗量。那么,对这个问题该怎么看呢厂方提供的数据,只能作部分参考。如果你是个城市居民,工作地在市中心,居住地在近郊或市里,那么你应该希望你的车在较低负荷或较低车速下的油耗越低越好,至于在满负荷工作情况下的油耗,你可以作为次要考虑。由于现在轿车都开始采用电喷装置,你可以向厂家询问是否可以更换电喷控制芯片,以满足你对燃油经济性的需要。

  总长、总宽、总高这三组数据,很好理解,那么什么叫轴距呢轴距指的是前轮与后轮的轴间距离。轴距短些,车辆本身就轻些,最小转弯直径也短。而前轮距和后轮距分别指的是前轮之间距离和后轮之间的距离。转距大些,对增大车厢宽度与提高车身横向稳定性有利。

  此外,有的厂商还提供了整车整备质量和汽车总质量这两个数据,前者表示车上带上全部装备包括随车工具、备胎等及加满燃料、水,但没有装货和载人时的整车质量。而后者则是指装备齐全,并按规定装满客、货时的整车质量。一般来讲,质量较重的车对高速行驶时的稳定性有一定帮助。

Tuesday, December 21, 2004

 

Recreate prior work with source code control

Recreating work from six months ago without some source code control can be quite difficult. Source code control, which should be part of any professional programming shop, provides several important functions: concurrent updates, history, source code archives, history, and versioning.

Concurrent updates mean that more than one programmer can work on a code module at a time. When all of the changes are made, the source code control tool can combine the changes into the original code.

Source code archiving means that you won't lose your code. All of your code for all of your applications is stored in a central location. If you back up this central location, then your source code is safe--or at least safer if it's distributed ad hoc amongst all of your developers' workstations.

History refers to the ability of your source code control to take you back in time in your code. You'll be able to see which changes were made by whom and when. This is extremely helpful if you deploy changes that you need to take out for some reason.

Versioning, which is another form of the history function, allows you to capture a snapshot in time of all the code for a specific application or module and give it a name. You would normally do this when the application is in a working state, so that you could easily extract a working version of the application without knowing what changes have been made since then.

There are plenty of source code control programs, though CVS is probably the most well known. You can also find free versions for Windows and *nix systems. Subversion is an up and coming open source version control system. There are even commercial options like BitKeeper.

David Petersheim is the Director of Application Development with Genscape, Inc. He designs and develops server-side applications to acquire and process real-time energy data.

 

Set up Ethernet aliases

When you set up a Linux system's network, you typically assign one IP address per network interface card (NIC). This serves as the primary address for the NIC. For example, a firewall may have one Ethernet interface (e.g., eth0) assigned an external ISP-supplied IP, whereas the other interface (e.g., eth1) would have a local IP used on the local LAN.

But in a situation that requires multiple IP addresses on a machine (all of which connect to the same network), you don't need one NIC per IP address. Linux is capable of mapping multiple IP addresses to a single NIC by using IP aliasing.

To set up an IP alias, execute the following:

# ifconfig eth0:0 192.168.5.12 netmask 255.255.255.0 up

This assigns the IP address 192.168.5.12 to eth0 as the first alias (noted as eth0:0) on eth0. If you look at the output of ifconfig, you'll see the distinct IP address for eth0 and another for eth0:0.

If you need to add another IP address, just run the same command as root, and increment the alias number. In this example, the next alias number would be eth0:1.

On Mandrakelinux, Red Hat, and similar systems, you can make aliases automatic by creating files in /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/. In this directory, create a new file called ifcfg-eth0:0 that contains the following contents:

IPADDR="192.168.5.12"
NETMASK="255.255.255.0"

On systems that don't use these network scripts, just add the call to ifconfig directly in your startup script (usually /etc/rc.d/rc.local).


Saturday, December 18, 2004

 

中国和新加坡的十大差距

看到近来网上流传的《一个留学生写的中国和美国之间十大差距》,我感触很多。但是,中美有着巨大的历史差异和文化差异,有些人会争论说这些差异是中国是无法避免的。新加坡是一个亚洲国家,是中国外世界上唯一一个华人占多数的国家,没有任何资源,60年代独立后开始经济和社会发展,这些都便于和中国比较。做为一个在新加坡生活了3年多的留学生,耳濡目染,于是写下《一个留学生写的中国和新加坡之间十大差距》,以与读者共享。  

  一、人人都有房住的社会

  2003年,新加坡土地面积604.2平方公里,人口400万(新加坡人约300万,其余是外国在新加坡工作的人),我们可以计算出新加坡人均土地是151.05平方米!!而且这还包括了一些不适合居住的岛屿,还要建公路,要有工厂,学校,要有兵营,真正能够用来居住的面积屈指可数。新加坡的水也要基本上从马来西亚进口。我们来看看这样一个土地和水资源贫乏的国家是如何解决住房的。  

  新加坡首先国家严格控制土地,严格规划,建高楼。另外,为防止少数人拥有过多房产和房地产泡沫,采用了政府直接参与房地产开发和管理的方法。政府成立建屋局,统一规划,建设和管理。目前,全国80%多的人口都居住在这种房屋里。一般说来,对于新加坡人,一套3室一厅的房子也就是人民币70万到 100万。这是因为政府有对公民买房有补贴。而同样的房子,外国人买住了5年以上的二手的,也要120万元以上。新加坡的全国平均工资大概是人民币每月 15000(税前,包括雇主交的公积金)。一般新加坡人,如果夫妻都工作,很容易买下房子。而且几年以后还可以卖给外国人,挣50万左右,再到私人房产市场买更好的住房。所以,在新加坡人人都有房住,而且年轻人结婚都可以买房(当地人很少上研究生,要上也是在职那种,不影响挣钱),对于大学生几年后就可以攒够房钱而追求其它的了。  

  目前,上海、北京的住房已经和新加坡的房价差不多了,而我们还要每月有一大比的管理费,停车费。我们土地远比新加坡充足,而且有充足的劳动力建房。是什么导致了如此高的房价?一个收入2000左右的普通老百姓,夫妻两个多少年才可以还清贷款?当大款们拥有别墅和高档车的时候,那些收入更低的老百姓,什么时候才能园一个住房梦?而做为政府,在住房商品化的今天,是不是应该想想如何解决低收入人的住房难,而不是一味的卖地皮赚钱?  

  二、比起新加坡,深圳成功吗?  

  新加坡65年独立,70年代初才真正开始大的发展,从人均50美元的GDP,用了30多年到97年亚洲金融危机前最高达到27000美元,现在大概是24000美元,保持了30年平均8%以上的增长率,用30年时间超过以前的殖民国家英国。98年以后发展速度才降了下来。深圳是78年开始的,算起来只是比新加坡晚了十年左右。新加坡是“渔民”和“苦力”的后代,种族和宗教问题复杂,没有人支持它,完全靠自己。而深圳能够留下来的大部分是大学生,背靠香港,可以通过户口引进人,赶走人。这两个城市有可比性。但是我们需要反思深圳成功吗?  

  在新加坡几乎看不到要饭的,人人有房,安居乐业。据说马来人(当地人)从小学一直到大学享受免费教育。街上没有什么警察,一旦有一个治安案件,将在一段时间内,成为全国瞩目的焦点。前一段时间,一个中国陪读妈妈的女儿失踪。电台和报纸经常是头版头条,而且街上很多寻人启事。后来,发现小女孩遇害,几万人专程去悼念。我们想想,那仅仅是一个外国人的孩子啊?她的母亲也就是在菜市场帮忙的一个普普通通的中国福建妇女,可是竟然能够引起如此的重视?深圳在繁荣的同时,我们可以看到街上到处都有警察,查看证件,并经常可以带走没有居住证件的人。我在什么看到很多要饭的,据说关外就更多了。我在台湾的工厂里看到了打工妹们无助的眼神。有人一掷千金,有人在为几百元的工作而奔波。有人可以支持孩子到英国挥霍,有人可以通过行政命令的方式让学生看他亲戚拍摄的电影,女警官胡作非为。我们想想,比起新加坡和香港,做为窗口的深圳成功吗?通过这个窗口,我们是不是真正学到了我们想学的?  


  三、67岁退休,70多岁的人也可以找到工作

  现在新加坡的退休年龄是62岁,很快将提高到67岁。我们可以看到很多老年人都在工作,NUS和新加坡管理大学学校食堂卖饭和擦桌子的很多都是70岁以上的老人。一方面这是因为新加坡福利差,很多老年人的根本没有足够的积蓄(我们将在后面讨论这个话题),另外也反映经济的发展,为这些弱势群体,提供了就业机会。全国300多万当地人,100万外国人,其中据说有30万从中国去的。这么多外国人都有工作,可想而知,当地人就业是比较挑剔的。其经济发展不是光看GDP的,也要看就业率。有就业机会就有发展,实现全民就业比实现GDP的发展更难。  

  我们中国的经济发展导致了人员过剩和失业,这是正常现在。问题是我们没有创造足够的新就业机会。就业机会很难让政府直接创造,政府应该创造的是一种环境,激发个人对理想,包括财富的追求,从而为社会创造就业。让每一个想工作的人找到工作。我们的毕业分配制度用了10年的时间,只是改革了一半,取消了分配,但是,还是逼着大学生当年必须找到工作,否则户口打回原籍,永远没有改变户口的机会了。这些都该取消了,都知道要取消,为什么就这么难?我不想看到“管分配“老师的嘴脸了,也不想看到“管档案“,更不想和学校户籍科“管户口“打交道了。我希望食堂就是外面的餐厅,而不是一个“管食堂“的“老师 “管理的处级单位。  

  四、中国和新加坡的税率比较

  在新加坡如果收入30万人民币的话,税最多大概是2万。我记得10万以下大概是不用缴税的,另外交的公积金也不纳税。应该比西方国家低很多,和香港应该差不多。和美国不同,新加坡第二年夏天交前一年的税。夫妻两个可以单独算,也可以合起来一起算。在税的计算方面,有很多减免,比如孩子越多,减免越多。比如负担父母,孩子服役,配偶或者子女残疾等等。另外,还要遗产税。顾保姆还有一个LEVY,以防止因为保姆工资过低,使大量新加坡人顾保姆,带来社会问题。税可以网上报,收到税单后,通过ATM或者支票就可以缴了。见不到税务人员,和单位也没有关系。最后,通过信,邮寄回缴税证明。这样,你可以做为你收入的凭证。  

  我们中国的税率算法太简单,不考虑一个家庭情况,就一刀切缴税。另外,每月纳税的的方式我感觉不如按照年计算更加科学。因为月收入波动太大,如有时有奖金,有时没有,有时有稿酬等一次性收入。另外,缴税前的收入评估也是防止腐败的好时机。还有,我记得以前在大学门口,有人拦截自行车收税。抓住你就倒霉,没有抓住就没有人管。我感觉如果一个税很难执行,不如不收。要收大家就都要公平。  

  五、新加坡的股市和中国的股市

  新加坡股市的平均P/E我估计大概是15倍左右。很多P/E不到10的小公司。很多中国公司到新加坡上市,发行价大概就是10倍,跌到5倍以下的也有不少。在这里,很多公司将收入的50%分红。很多情况下,一只股票(如地铁股票)得到5%的分红并不困难,这还不考虑Profit的持续增长。股市确实比存款挣钱。我认为关键是新加坡不限制资金流动,老百姓对于新加坡没有信心的话,可以将钱换成美元、欧元等任何货币。可以买日本股市,中国B股。可以通过基金投资到任何收益率高的国家,地区和行业。或者干脆存到花旗银行,马来亚银行。  

  相比之下国内的公司发行价就是20倍。结果年底不分红。这样看中国股市跌了这么多年,比国外还是贵,除非公司前景特别好,否则还要跌。很简单,从长期看,不如放到银行。美国的P/E也比较高,但是企业发展快,这点新加坡比不了。我感觉中国还不如不限制资金流动,为什么要吊死在中国不赚钱的股市,为什么我们不能到香港用1/2的价钱买同样的股票?为什么我们不能到美国买GOOLe,到日本去买SONY,到德国买Siemens,去迎接真正的高科技(而不是清华,北大那些骗人的校办公司)?  

六、新加坡和中国的福利的比较

  按说税这么低,福利应该不如中国了,但是好像又不是。而且新加坡做为一个国家,要保持一定规模的陆海空和外交,花销不少。新加坡也有类似于中国的基金(好像北京叫做3金或者4金什
么的,企业要给职工交的)。新加坡一般每月工资的20%用做基金,另外,公司再出 13%(经济好是多出些,坏时少一些)。用于医疗,养老和买房。用于医疗和养老的部门年存款利率大约是4%。住房部门可以用来买房,医疗部分可以用来报销医疗开销或者买医疗保险。这样一个人如果30岁时有1万元基金,63岁退休时将有3.6万元。老百姓允许用这些钱进行风险低的投资,如债券,股票,投资基金。到55岁时可以取出来,也可以买养老金,到时候每个月就有了固定的退休金。是你的永远是你的,你自己安排自己的生活,清清楚楚,很分明。有人中间到美国工作了几年,过几年发展的不好,又回来了,没关系,以前的帐户还在,接着交就可以了。很多30多岁的人就开始规划自己的退休了。  

  我们有了这些,还不完善。关键是一笔糊涂帐。比如这几金好像只是随工资挂钩,而没有和奖金抓构,这样是不是太少了。另外,应该扩大到国家范围,而不是户口所在地,否则很多人无法交。还要要写清楚,现在交了,将来究竟享受什么退休待遇,还是退休是还是像现在一样安装行政级别来,如果这样,大家还有什么积极性?拼命往上爬就可以了。另外,自己交了多少,是不是定期应该有一封信告诉自己。我记得在上海问过一些同学,他们好像都不清楚这些。如果一个人在 55岁去世了,这些基金可不可以转给配偶或者子女?另外,如果政府代大家投资这部分钱,是不是大家应该享受增值?我们都是一笔糊涂帐。谁也不清楚?至少我是查不到。我老公出国前工作过,估计现在户口都注销了,不知道以前交的还有没有?是不是被贪污了。  

  七、新加坡的“市长”和中国的市长

  在新加坡,公民和永久居民都有一个用户名和密码,用来和政府打交道,如报税,查看自己的公积金,如竞标拥车证。政府的任何政策网上都可以找到。比如你可以找到包括总理在内的高官的电话,电子邮件和通信方式。我曾经有事给一个政府部门发邮件,很快就有了回信。另外,全国只有一级政府。  

  我们也在谈政府上网。我记得2000年在上海当时办护照时,必须到公安局去领表格?为什么不放到网上让大家打印?好像4年过去了,还是这样。我们的上网工程更多是一个展示的平台,有多少人用网络来为老百姓提供真正的便利?现在国内在搞社区,就是以前不归政府管的,如提倡什么发扬什么等等,政府又管起来了。这样无形加大了财政负担。按照地域划分社区的方式相对于把城市分成了村庄。我感觉即使向上海这样的大城市,一个地方统一管理结婚就可以了。而不是把这个职能分散到社区,因为社区负责一小片,不可能天天开门。另外,政策解释得也不一样,有的还强行推销纪念品,否则就以各种理由刁难。诸如失业登记等等,如此专业和重要的事情,当然应该统一到市级。总之,我们没有必要养这么多人,这些人没有权利勒索纳税人。  

  八、新加坡的大学和中国的大学

  我在这方面最有发言权,因为我在中国和新加坡都上过学,对国内大学和新加坡大学和了解。新加坡的高校老师收入确实很高,但是都很认真负责。一般说来,老师不能让研究生干一些与专业没有关系的开发项目,而且博士生从一开始就是安心写文章,你写不出来,老师比你还着急,因为学校也要考核教师的。中国过来的博士生大概每月有人民币6000到10000的奖学金,租房用去1500人民币,平时吃饭用1500人民币。这样,每个月还会有人民币3000以上的节余。所以,一般有奖学金的学生日子还是不错的,有的假日还可以回国或者到其它地方旅游。新加坡人大多业余读硕士,很少读博士的。而且,与国内不同的是,这里没有班的概念。我记得在国内读书是,大学有班,有班长,有班干部,有班主任,负责学生工作。必须住学校宿舍,很多人一个房间。大家矛盾很多,但是也没有办法。每年班里要给学生打品德分,即使是宿舍长都有加分,甚至春游帮同学也加分。很累,真的很累。毕业时,要综合测评,班干部分数最高。幸好那时候已经不分配了,听以前同学讲分配工作就像分房,让人心里累。  

  这边没有班,你可以通过一些自发的社团认识人,没有功利大家相处也就没有猜疑。可以选择自己的住处。总之,你就是读书的,不用管别人,不用求人。你是一个自由的人,随心所欲的安排你的私人生活,没有人有权力为你的品德打分,没有人敢于让你向它回报思想,你也不必学习新加坡政府的文件,或者领会新加坡的什么“精神“。没有毕业分配,没有感说你不关心集体。你参加任何社团都是自愿的。你献血是自愿的,你不愿意,学校不会像北师大一样强行检查你是不是真的有问题。你献血了,也不会有领导摸着你的脑袋说你是新时代的好青年。也不会遇到招生的人勒索和招生黑幕。
九、中国和新加坡生活质量大对比

  前边已经谈很多了。这里我要说的是,在新加坡,摩托车是可以用的,因为这是穷人的代步工具(顺便说一声,这里车很贵,先买拥车证,汽车的大约人民币10万,摩托车便宜很多。还好老百姓不一定非买车不可,让那些有钱买车的多出钱好了。)。我感觉很多中国的中等城市,完全没有必要禁止摩托车。摩托车上下班还是很方便的。好像我们这些城市取消摩托车也没有反对的声音。反正有钱人可以买车,享受更好的公路。老百姓就只好挤公共汽车了。这样,老百姓交了税,却没有权力充分享受使用公路的权力。  

  新加坡几乎天天下雨,但是我却没有雨伞,为什么?城市规划的好。出了门又遮阳和遮雨的,地铁可能和购物中心连着。不用担心下雨。  

  十、新加坡的报纸和中国的报纸

  这边的报纸经常报道一些小事情,比如有人在电梯抢劫啦,车祸啦,往往都是头版头条。当然还要一些“无聊“的,如赌博,“迷信“等等。如果有命案,一段时间内都有报道,从出事,到逮捕罪犯,到审讯。最后几年后还可能改编成电视剧。我记得每年大概全新加坡有20多人死于谋杀。这让我想起以前看电影经常看人们通过查看以前的报纸来了解曾经的命案。而这些确实是新加坡人关心的,他们好像没有什么大事情关心,死人永远是大事。  

  我们一般都是等到破案之后表彰时才知道的。有些是在国外网站上流传很久了,国内报纸才有。而头版头条一般是领导开会学习什么精神的。大学生因为没有暂住证被关押,死了才知道。妞妞的事情基本上都是网民自发桶出来的,还有那个在美国被打的,本来还是爱国面孔的,没想到是公款挥霍。我记得以前我所在上海的学校就曾经轰轰烈烈的高过“12345“思想教育工程设么的。  

  我只是在这里说了新加坡成功的一方面。我是关心中国的发展才去做这些比较的,很害怕被人骂成崇洋媚外。新加坡的问题也一大堆,如中英文都学,但是什么都说不好。比如老年人工作很多是因为没有足够的退休金。比如面对中国和印度低成本国家的竞争,找不到有效的应对策略。比如过于严格的控制而使社会缺乏活力等等。新加坡还是要继续学习西方的,因为西方有几百年的成功经验,如美国的创造力,欧洲的福利系统,等等,这也是我为什么要继续漂泊去美国的原因。但是做为一个从60年代末期才起步的多元种族国家,比起东南亚那么多独立的国家,应该还是比较成功的,而且其成功不全是偶然的,而且老百姓切切实实得得到了实惠。我们要学习的当然是它成功的方面。每年都有大批中国高官到新加坡本地大学培训,中国政府花了这么多钱送他们出国,我希望它们正在看到“真正“的差距,而不是仅仅停留在“不允许吃口香糖““罚款““鞭刑““儒家文化““宗乡会馆““新加坡人勤劳勇敢“这些表层的东西。

Wednesday, December 08, 2004

 

[NewTopic] Patch Management

The following are some useful links.

http://asia.cnet.com/enterprise/netadmin/0,39035505,39182517,00.htm
http://itpapers.techrepublic.com/abstract.aspx?kw=patch+management&docid=103235
http://www.virusthreatcenter.com/search.aspx?vert=15&kw=patch+management
http://itpapers.techrepublic.com/abstract.aspx?kw=patch+management&docid=82783

 

[3G]Will China wait for TD-SCDMA?

Will China wait for TD-SCDMA?

November 15, 2004

One of the hot topics for many delegates at this week’s 3G World Congress will be the uncertain direction of China’s 3G plans, and the commercial fate of Chinese-developed 3G technology TD-SCDMA.

While China’s 3G timetable has always been a matter of guesswork and wishful thinking, announcements at a conference in Beijing last week raised both hopes and eyebrows.

Chen Jin-qiao, head of the MII’s Research Institute Telecom Policy Division, said that Chinese authorities believe 3G promises potential benefits for a wide range of related value chain industries. As such, the MII wants a 3G policy that will maximize benefits across the board, not just for a few companies.

Chen also said the MII had finished evaluating most of the technical issues, and is now focused on assessing the market impact of 3G and hashing out variables such as interconnection, inter-network roaming and network sharing.

One eyebrow-raiser was the MII’s revelation that TD-SCDMA had failed in several key areas after a series of tests, indicating it was far from ready for commercial deployment. Problems cited included unstable networks, an unreliable core network, and a dearth of compatible handsets with which to test the system.

That said, the MII still says it will continue to back TD-SCDMA, but this has raised the question of whether it will wait until TD-SCDMA is ready before issuing any 3G licenses.

Late last week, the China Academy of Telecommunications Research proposed three separate 3G networks for China – one each for W-CDMA, cdma2000 and TD-SCDMA – with the added recommendation that the government wait for TD-SCDMA technology to be improved before issuing 3G licenses.

Chen speculated that part of TD-SCDMA’s problems was the lack of strong foreign participation in its development.

The same day, Alcatel Shanghai Bell and Datang Mobile announced a partnership to drive TD-SCDMA development.

In response to queries from the 3G Show Daily about the TD-SCDMA results, Alcatel reaffirmed its belief in TD-SCDMA in a statement, saying the company was “confident that TD-SCDMA terminals will soon be widely available,” and that it expects the first TD-SCDMA products from its Datang partnership to be delivered to the Chinese market by June 2005.

 

[Server] Server Trends 2005 and beyond


Tuesday, December 07, 2004

 

TD-SCDMA is a go despite concerns over trials

TD-SCDMA is a go despite concerns over trials

John C. Tanner

TD-SCDMA proponents reaffirmed their support for the Chinese 3G technology on Wednesday following last week’s report of technical problems during tests.

Chen Jin-qiao, director of the Institute of Telecommunication Research, a division of the MII's China Academy of Telecommunication Research, said he was not disappointed with the results of the trial, revealed last week at a 3G conference in Beijing, in which the technology showed problems with network stability and core reliability.

“There are always problems in developing any standard,” he said following a panel session on 3G deployment strategies. “Once you commercialize it, you can deal with the problems one by one.”

Chen said he expects TD-SDMA products could see commercial launch in the second half of 2005, and that, assuming a theoretical commercial launch of all three 3G technologies by the end of next year, TD-SCDMA could account for 20% of the 3G market and 25% of revenues by 2010.

That said, he took pains to caution that it was still up to the MII, which has yet to make any final decision on a time framework for rolling out 3G in China.

“It’s not just about TD-SCDMA, it’s also about reforming the market, ensuring competitiveness and so many other complicated factors,” he said. “That’s why the Chinese government is looking at other policies to help further development.”

One possible policy under consideration is supply incentives such as tax credits to vendors developing TD-SCDMA to shorten their time cycles.

George Huang, VP of wireless networks for Greater China at Nortel Networks, said TD-SCDMA’s development would benefit by more foreign vendor participation.

“We need more people to join in to develop the technology in different areas – handsets, chipsets and test equipment,” he said. “We need more heavyweights. We’re happy to see Alcatel come in. We’d like to see more come in.”

Huang said press reports that the MII trials showed TD-SCDMA was well behind W-CDMA and cdma2000 “should be no surprise,” pointing out that cdma2000 and W-CDMA have been commercial since 2000 and 2001, respectively.

“TD-SCDMA won’t catch up to cdma2000 and W-CDMA as fast as some would like, but look at the number of vendors developing it.”

The TD-SCDMA Industry Association, of which Nortel is among the original members, only claims 16 members.

The TD-SCDMA trial results have led to speculation that China will delay its 3G licensing plans further until TD-SCDMA is ready – which the China Academy of Telecommunications Research recommended Friday – but Huang says the delay may not be all that long.

“The key window to me is, if we can deploy commercial TD-SCDMA in the third quarter of 2006, it should be okay,” he said. “That will allow for another year to fine tune the system before the Olympics in Beijing in 2008.”
About the Author
John C. Tanner
Global Technology Editor
About John C. Tanner
email: tanner@telecomasia.net
See more articles by John C. Tanner

Monday, December 06, 2004

 

Find out who's using your system

Find out who's using your system

Linux is a multiuser system, and that means that more than one person can log into the system at any given time. You can also log into the desktop as well as a console (or even two) at the same time.



It's not uncommon to have more than one user connected to a Linux system at one time. Friends or family can connect remotely via ssh.

Determining who has logged into the system is very simple. You can find out by using a couple small utilities. The easiest to use is the who command, which displays who currently has logged in and from where.

Here's an example:

$ who
root tty1 Jul 24 10:13
joe pts/0 Aug 1 14:17 (somehost.com)

This shows you that root has logged in on the first tty (console). It also shows that joe has logged in via ssh, connecting from the machine "somehost.com." It also indicates the time when these users logged in.

Another useful tool is the last command, which provides information about when a user last connected to the system. Like the who command, the last command returns the username, where they connected, and when they logged in. It also tells you when they logged out or if they're still connected.

Here's an example:

$ last
joe pts/0 somehost.com Sun Aug 1 14:17 still logged in

Keeping track of who's been using your computer couldn't be easier using these two command-line tools.

 

S'pore pushes business continuity, disaster recovery standard


News : Security : Article
S'pore pushes business continuity, disaster recovery standard
By Isabelle Chan, CNETAsia
Thursday, December 2 2004 6:27 PM

SINGAPORE--A new certification program has been developed in Singapore to help raise the quality of business continuity and disaster recovery services, and establish the island-state as a key destination for high-end business process outsourcing services.

Developed by the Infocomm Development Authority of Singapore (IDA) and the Business Continuity/Disaster Recovery (BC/DR) Working Group of the Information Technology Standards Committee, the new industry standard is touted as the world's first benchmark for BC/DR services.

IDA unveiled the program this morning during a presentation which saw seven service providers in Singapore receiving certificates of achievement, awarded under the new standard by PSB Certification. The companies are: Hewlett-Packard, IBM, NCS and Singapore Computer Systems in the BC and DR service provider category; and Equinix, SingTel Expan and StarHub in the DR facility category.

The industry standard specifies stringent requirements, such as stipulations for operating, monitoring, maintaining and up-keeping BC/DR services offered to clients. It serves to differentiate the service providers and guide end-user companies in choosing the best-fit vendors.

According to an IDA spokesperson, there are 15 to 20 BC/DR services providers in Singapore. Apart from the seven that were awarded today, "a few more" companies have applied to be certified, she added.

The certification program supports the government's aim to enhance BPO (business process outsourcing) service delivery in Singapore, providing foreign companies with the much-needed assurance they look for when they locate their operations or conduct business activities in the island-state.

Senior Minister of State for Information, Communications & the Arts and Health, Dr Balaji Sadasivan, said during his opening address: "The establishment of the BC/DR industry standard is indeed a significant milestone to further cement Singapore’s position as a trusted infocomm hub."

"Not surprisingly, major foreign banks such as Citigroup have chosen Singapore to be their regional processing center for operations such as cash and securities settlement and claims processing," he added. "MNCs have chosen to locate their operations in Singapore because we offer a highly secured and stable business environment."

According to IDA, Singapore is now better placed to provide support for high-end BPO activities such as treasury functions and project management, which require a secure environment, reliable telecommunications infrastructure and a ready pool of info-comm skilled manpower.

IDA will invest S$12 million (US$7.3 million) over the next two years to develop the capabilities of the local BPO industry. The bulk of the investment will go toward training 1,000 infocomm professionals in BPO service provision by 2006.

In addition, IDA will promote R&D on outsourcing technologies and help companies seed 20 projects worth more than S$10 million (US$6.1 million) over the next two years.

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